Institut für Psychologie

Abstract. In this article, we present a short overview of findings from our current research on interindividual differences in emotion regulation and their consequences for health and well-being. In our research that is based on experimental designs, ambulatory assessment methods as well as cross-...

ABSTRACT Based on violation-of-expectation (VoE) paradigms, amazing cognitive competencies have been demonstrated in young infants, which could not be shown in toddlers or even preschoolers. This divergence might as much be caused by different research methods as by discontinuities in development. As looking-time measures are not readily applicable to older children, we suggest a new method that is suitable for children from two years of age onwards. In an empirical examination of this method, 26 children aged 2–7 years learned by trial and error to always find a target picture among a pair of pictures. Each target picture was an impossible version of the non-target picture. After reaching a learning criterion, children had to generalize the learned concept to pictures belonging to a different category. Results showed that even the youngest participants reached the learning criterion and were able to apply what they had learned to another category.

... Die tatsächlichen oder vermeintlichen Belege für "späte Inkompetenzen" und immer frühere und immer erstaunlichere Kompetenzen sind mittlerweile äußerst zahlreich (zB Krist, Natour, Jäger & Knopf, 1998; Siegler, 1998). ... Leslie, 1994; Spelke, 1994). ...

ABSTRACT Until now, a successful application of the mental rotation paradigm was restricted to children 5 years or older. By contrast, recent findings suggest that even infants can perform mental rotation. Unlike the methods used in infant studies (looking time), our new research paradigm allows for the measurement and interpretation of reaction times. Kindergartners (aged 3–6 years) were presented with a stimulus configuration on a touchscreen and asked to bring a rotated stimulus into an upright position using the shortest path. Mean reaction time (RT) increased linearly with angular disparity. The ensuing linear trend was significant not only for the entire sample but also for the youngest age group analysed separately. To exclude the possibility that linearity was due to movement planning, 3-year-olds had to manually rotate a stimulus about the same trajectory without the need for a corresponding mental transformation in a second experiment. Here, no linear trend was observed. These results are interpreted as evidence for an analogue mental transformation in 3-year-olds, equal to the transformation processes in older children's and adults' mental rotation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

... Markus Krüger a * & Horst Krist a pages 239-261. ... Embodiment is not limited to movement planning and related functions but also compasses abstract thoughts and conceptual representations (cf. Wilson, 200239. Wilson , M. ( 2002 ). Six views of embodied cognition . ...

Performance in 2 versions of a computer-animated task was compared. Participants either indicated the time of arrival of a target that rolled off a horizontal surface and fell--hidden from view--onto a landing point (production task) or judged flight time on a rating scale (judgment task). As predicted, performance was significantly better in the production task (Experiment 1), in which imagery of object motion probably replaced reasoning processes. Participants who exhibited eye movements suggesting mental tracking performed particularly well in the production task (Experiment 2). There was, however, no decrement in performance when participants were asked to fixate the point where the target disappeared. For motion duration estimations, eye movements seem to be only a by-product of mental tracking.

... 8, 60054 Frankfurt am Main 11, Germany. Elec-tronic mail may be sent to horst.krist@psych.uni-frankfurt.dbp.de. forced ... cf. Baillargeon, 1993; Fischer & Bidell, 1991; Kellman, 1988; Leslie, 1988; Mandler, 1988, 1992; Spelke, 1988). ...